A Sublime Stench: Bplaa Raa

Rotten fish isn't always a bad thing.

Take bplaa raa (literally, 'rotten/moldy fish' in Thai). This fishy condiment with the unforgettable odor is a key ingredient in the cuisines of Thailand's northern and Isaan (middle northeastern) provinces. Though Thais classify it as a type of pickle (a 'dawng kem' - salty pickle; the other type of pickle is 'dawng priaow' - sour pickle), it's really more of a fermented product. It finds its equivalent in Cambodian prahok and Lao padek.

Bplaa raa starts as an assortment of freshwater fish, whatever's been pulled up with the net. After being cleaned the fish are packed with salt and rice bran or powdered rice in big, rounded earthenware jars called hai saen. The jars are covered and left outside for anywhere from six months to two years. A strong sun will hurry things along. (Villagers making bplaa raa in small batches for home use might use rice flour instead of bran and, after tying a piece of cloth over the mouth of the jar, spread it with ashes to absorb the odor of the decaying fish. The jar of fermenting fish is kept in the house, away from hungry animals.) 

When it's 'done' bplaa raa is a mix of fish and thin brine that varies in color from grayish white to dark brown. If it's being made for commercial use it might be packed in jars - as is, or ground to a slurry.

 

Bplaa raa is to nam bplaa (fish sauce) what a fine French blue cheese, shot through with veins of mold, is to cream cheese. It is salty fish essence with a bit of a tang, earthy and pungent. Once it gets on your hands, the odor is hard to remove. Leave a jar open in the kitchen and you'll soon smell it in the dining room. Bplaa raa stinks to high heaven. And the punch it gives to dishes is seriously, addictively, delicious.

Northern Thais, at least those in the east, use more bplaa raa than they do fish sauce. Earlier this year we spent a few days in the kitchen of a talented home cook in Nan province. 'Bplaa raa is for flavor,' she explained. 'Fish sauce is to adjust the food's saltiness.'

We watched her stir 'creamed' bplaa raa (upper right) into coconut milk-free gaeng (curries) and pound it, with chilies, into a nam prik (a sort of dip) to eat with raw and blanched vegetables. To make another kind of nam prik she pulled whole fish from a vat of 'chunky' bplaa raa, dropped them into a small pan of boiling water, and simmered the mixture until the fish broke up. (Bplaa raa fish pieces are never eaten uncooked, because of the risk of parasites. If they're not to be cooked in a curry or soup, they're boiled in water or steamed.) After straining the bones out of the liquid she returned it to the heat, added chilies, galangal, lemongrass, and garlic, and let it thicken to a thin batter-like consistency. Allowed to cool and seasoned with lime juice and fish sauce, this nam prik was dipped up with balls of sticky rice and more vegetables.

If you're a Thai food fan and fond of fishy flavors - whether in the form of Asian shrimp paste or Western ingredients like bottarga and anchovies packed in salt - then bplaa raa will seem a natural progression from fish sauce. Start by substituting bplaa raa for fish sauce (or go half and half) in Thai salads and (coconut milk-free curries), and then move on to a bplaa raa-forward spicy/fishy nam prik, served with a good mix of raw and blanched vegetables.

Bplaa Raa Song Kruen (Spciy Pickled Fish with Prawn/Shrimp)

This nam prik is from Vatch's Thai Cookbook by Vatcharin Bhumichitr. It includes prawns or shrimp; they'll soften the intensity of the bplaa raa, so it's a good introduction to the world of bplaa raa-seasoned nam prik. If all you can lay your hands on is the 'creamed' product (usually labelled 'preserved mudfish' or 'preserved gray featherback fish'; be sure the product you buy is made in Thailand, Vietnamese mam is not a substitute) try dissolving 3 tablespoons in the amount of water called for in the recipe and proceeding from there. (KL residents can buy bags of chunky bplaa raa, both Isaan and northern Thailand produced, at the city's well-stocked Thai grocery; see below for details.) When making nam prik's it's best to taste and taste often, adjusting for salt, sour, and chile-hot along the way. Serve with a mix of raw (cucumber, wing beans, cabbage, green or long beans, sugar snap peas, morning glory) and blanched (eggplant, green or long beans, cabbage, summer squash) vegetables.

120 ml/1 half cup water

4 oz/120 g fish pieces from a jar of bpla raa, filleted

3 kaffir lime leaves, chopped

1 tbsp finely chopped galangal

1 tbsp finely chopped lemon grass

4 roughly chopped shallots

2 finely chopped garlic cloves

1 inch/2.5 cm piece of young ginger, sliced into matchsticks

4 or 5 fresh small red or green chilies, finely chopped

4 oz/120 g peeled raw prawns or shrimp, finely chopped

1 Tbsp fish sauce (or to taste)

2 Tbsp lime juice

1 tsp sugar

Heat the water in a small saucepan. Add the fish and simmer, breaking it up, until the liquid begins to thicken. Add all the remaining ingredients, stirring throughout. When the mixture has cooked to a runny paste, turn it into a small bowl. Serve with vegetables.

Note: Bplaa raa and almost any other Thai ingredient you'd care to lay your hands on can be found in Kuala Lumpur at Font Thai Market, 5G Jalan Pandan Indah 4/8, Pandan Indah. Tel. 012-387-3963 (K.O. Tan) and 012-327-5718 (Font).

Comments

[CWCW]

Wow, I think I should try this if I ever have the opportunity. Sounds intense and intriguing!

[Husband]

I agree wow. This is so outside my familiar I'm taken aback. Hope I get to try it and really stretch myself. Thanks.

[Jennifer]

Your blog is SO informative. I've really been enjoying it. A couple of months ago, I got "Thai Food" by David Thompson, which I've slowly been working through ~ it is awesome. But I don't think he mentions Blpaa raa (will have to check!). I'll look for it at my local Asian market. Sounds intriguing...

[Robyn]

Bplaa raa is probably outside the familiar for you all bec. it's not used in central Thai cuisine, which is what is served in most overseas Thai restaurants (with some Isaan food thrown in). And visitors to Bangkok would be unlikely to encounter it unless they went to an authentic Isaan or n. Thai restaurant/vendor/shop.

Jennifer - thanks, that's a nice compliment. We like to be informative as well as pretty! ;-)
I'm pretty sure Thompson mentions it, perhaps as a part of his fish sauce discussion, or maybe in his section on the cuisines of Thailand's regions. It wouldn't have been used in royal Thai cuisine, which is what his book is devoted to (though it might pop up in his street food section).

[Karen]

Yum. I love this stuff. It adds such intense flavor to the food, there is no real substitute!

[RST]

While Thai pla raa and Vietnamese mam are not the same thing, a lot of the pla raa exported to the US is double-listed on the label as mam for the US Vietnamese market. A little confusing.

[RST]

Just also want to note that during the period of the embargo on Vietnamese imported products, Vietnamese foodstuff reached the large US-Vietnamese immigrant market under the guise of a "made in Thailand" label. What resulted was a large confusing field of brands-some traditionally-made but of normal quality, others artisanal and of the best provenance, yet others industrial ersatz products sometimes made elsewhere-almost all claiming to be something it is not (Vietnamese claiming to be Thai, Thai claiming to be Vietnamese etc). I sketched out the confusion over nuoc mam in the US (I was discussing nuoc mam from the specific terroirs of Phu Quoc and Pan Thiet) in this old post (from 2002) from the Chicago Chowhound Board (scroll down):

http://www.chowhound.com/topics/show/111942?user_name=&query=phu+quoc

So there was (is) nuoc mam which is really Thai fish sauce labelled as Vietnamese, true Vietnamese nuoc mam of varying quality, nuoc mam labelled as "Phu Quoc nuoc mam" when it is not really so, and then also true Phu Quoc as well but this may often be blended away with indifferent nuoc mam in large bottling concerns (in the same way that wines from the greatest terroir might sometimes be blended and essentially watered-down for the sake of volume). And of course there is no way to tell what is from where AT ALL from labels.

Similarly, there is pla raa that is true pla raa but marketed for the Vietnamese market as mam, AND alternatively mam that is called pla raa.

I think that the next step in the discourse (Robyn, this is where people like you come in) is a clarification of what exactly these things (petis, nuoc mam, bagoong and so on)are. What really makes a pla raa? What is mam? How do they really differ? Are they REALLY different in the first place? And so on.

[Robyn]

Thanks Richard - you've really laid down the gauntlet. ;-) Just from taste I can say that mam - at least as you find it in Vietnam - is a different animal to bplaa raa. (Frankly I've yet to develop a love, or even a like, of mam.)

[John-Paul Pagano]

I'm in Chiang Mai, soon to be in Bangkok. Do you know where I might find this in a restaurant or street food setting? Is it something you can just generally request from a well-stocked vendor?

[Cchan]

If plaarah is never eaten raw, was the plaarah paste on the right in the pic cooked?

[Robyn]

That photo was taken at the market so no, the bplaa raa is not cooked. It would be added to a curry or such so it would be cooked in process. Bplaa raa liquid is sometimes used for somtam -- careful vendors will boil a batch first and let it cool. Many Thais are leery of eating raw bplaa raa.

[Snippets of Thyme]

How interesting to learn about these exotic (to me) ingredients that I can't even pronounce. Your articles are just fascinating and certainly introducing me to aspects of these cultures I am completely ignorant.

[See Will]

I am a German expat married since 12 years to a Isaan woman and where I live are many European neighbors where their wifes are popping up with Som Tam Bplaa Raa because I am almost the only one who is allowing his wife to eat it in the house.
Yes, it smells just horrible, especially when the wife gets the little after midnight hunger and sits with a smile beside you in the bed and chews down a bowl Som Tam with Bplaa Raa. It will wake you up! But when you look into the happy chewing face it's like,"naah all right, the smell will disappear the next couple of hours out of the bedroom again" Amazing Thailand, just love it and don't be angry to her.

[Robyn]

Thanks for reading Will! You are indeed an understanding spouse. Bplaa raa, though delicious, smells bad enough in the kitchen let alone other rooms of the house.....